Hinduism in Bali and Indonesia
Indonesia has long been one of South Asia's main epicenters of Hinduism. The golden age of ancient Hindu kingdoms is notably placed in the 4th century BC. At that time, the archipelago
Indonesia has long been one of South Asia's main epicenters of Hinduism. The golden age of ancient Hindu kingdoms is notably placed in the 4th century BC. At that time, the archipelago maintained very close trading links with India. These exchanges were therefore at the origin of a substantial spread of the Hindu religion. However, the caste system gradually became unpopular with the population. This soon led a large part of the Indonesian peoples to turn towards Islam. Hindu princes and kings were often the last to convert, keen to ensure the loyalty of their subjects. These rulers nevertheless sought to preserve certain Hindu traditions, or even Buddhist ones, to continue honouring their ancestors.
Nowadays, most Indonesian Hindus live in Bali. Indeed, approximately 90% of the Balinese population follow the Hindu faith. Small Hindu communities can be found throughout Indonesia, notably in certain regions such as East Java or in the southeast of Sumatra. Only 2% of the total Indonesian population declare themselves Hindu.
Balinese Hinduism:
Balinese Hinduism displays characteristics distinct from Indian Hinduism. It is indeed the result of a blend between indigenous animistic beliefs and Indian philosophy. Religion holds a prominent place in the lives of the Balinese. They thus respect nature, spirits, volcanoes and mountains. The latter represent for them the dwelling place of the gods and the source of water, necessary to create life.
Offerings in Bali, a very common ritual in Hinduism
They venerate three principal gods: Shiva, Brahma and Vishnu. Considering that they embody the same divine entity, they managed to convince the government of the monotheistic character of Balinese Hinduism. The aim was to comply with the expectations of the Pancasila, which requires the worship of a single God.
The Balinese follow a very precise calendar that governs religious ceremonies. The culture of the island has notably been deeply marked by the epics of the Ramayana and the Mahabharata. This influence can be seen in the arts such as dance and theatre.
Offerings, prayers, rituals and pilgrimages are very common in Bali. It is therefore not unusual for visitors to witness the many traditions of its inhabitants.
