While less famous than Mount Bromo or Merapi, Mount Rinjani, locally known as Gunung Rinjani, ranks among Indonesia's highest volcanoes. Its vast crater, home to an enchanting lake, will captivate nature lovers and those seeking spectacular vistas. Offering stunning views across the Sunda Islands, Rinjani is a must-do for all trekking and hiking enthusiasts in this corner of the world.

History

The 1257 Eruption

Rinjani is Indonesia's second-highest volcano after Kerinci. It rises to 3,726 meters in elevation. Once known as Samalas, this volcano ranks among Indonesia's most dangerous. One of the most significant eruptions in the last 7,000 years occurred here in 1257. This eruption released 40 cubic kilometers of magma, ejected up to 43 km in altitude. The island of Lombok was buried under dozens of meters of deposits, while neighboring islands (Java, Bali, and Sumbawa) were covered with several centimeters.

Global Consequences

It is said that the impacts of this eruption were felt as far as Europe, and the ejected particles produced a volcanic winter that triggered famine across the continent. According to some researchers, this eruption, by causing serious climatic disruptions, could even be responsible for the "Little Ice Age" that lasted between the 13th and 19th centuries.

Today

Today, the Rinjani volcano continues to fascinate not only volcanologists but also trekking enthusiasts. Its ascent promises a genuine adventure with bivouacs and porters. Beyond its summit, which offers spectacular panoramic views of Lombok, the neighboring island of Bali, and sometimes even Mount Agung, adventurers can also admire its stunning turquoise lake, beside which a new volcanic cone has emerged (appearing in the 1990s). The climb of this impressive volcano is enhanced by discoveries of other natural wonders such as the Aik Kala hot springs and the Sendang Gile and Tiu Kelep waterfalls. It is undoubtedly an adventure that will remain forever etched in the memories of those who experience it.

Ascending Mount Rinjani

Trekking Options

Several trekking options are available to explore this volcano:

The 2-day 1-night Trek

If you have only two days to discover Mount Rinjani, this first option is recommended for you. The easiest route departs from the village of Sembalun Lawang and crosses flat meadows offering magnificent views of Lombok's north coast and the Gili Islands. It ends at the base of Rinjani's summit (on the eastern edge of the crater) before returning to Sembalun Lawang.

For 2-day and 1-night excursions, you can also choose the village of Senaru as your trek's starting point. This is the most popular option. Note, however, that it is somewhat more demanding. The route crosses rocky terrain and steep climbs through tropical forest. You won't reach the summit, but you'll have a distant view of it. The itinerary leads you to the spectacular Crater Rim, where you'll camp for the night and enjoy a breathtaking sunrise over Lake Segara Anak.

It's worth noting that Senaru and Sembalun Lawang are located on opposite slopes. Therefore, it's practically impossible to hike both routes in just two days.

The 3-day 2-night Trek

For treks lasting more than two days, you don't have to choose between Senaru and Sembalun Lawang. In fact, three or four-day circuits include both. The only difference is that if you start at Sembalun Lawang, you'll reach the summit earlier in your journey.

This is the most recommended trekking formula and most favored by travelers. Three days are more than enough to see the wonders of Gunung Rinjani and enjoy an enriching experience. During this trek, you'll discover waterfalls, hot springs, and other lakes. You'll also explore the crater rim, reach Rinjani's summit, and enjoy picturesque vistas throughout your journey.

The 4-day 3-night Trek

The four-day and three-night itinerary is much like the three-day route, but offers the advantage of discovering the mountain at a more relaxed pace.

This option suits those with more time who prefer to reach the summit at a moderate speed, taking time to appreciate each stage of the journey.

Active travelers who want not only to climb Mount Rinjani but also to deeply explore its varied landscapes often opt for this route.

Elevation Gain and Difficulty Level

Climbing Mount Rinjani is both an exciting and demanding experience. Elevation gain is one of the factors contributing to this trek's difficulty. Indeed, it ranges between 1,000 m and 2,000 m depending on different stages of the route. Slopes can be steep, and the often rocky terrain requires careful and sustained hiking. Overall, the Rinjani ascent is considered difficult due to these elevation variations, as well as climate changes, transitioning from humid and hot conditions at the start to cold and drier climates above 2,000 m, even freezing at the summit. Good physical fitness is necessary to tackle it.

Using an Agency

Since the reopening of trails in 2020, independent hiking in Rinjani National Park is no longer permitted. Hikers must always use an agency, which provides a guide and porters to carry camping gear and provisions. You are, however, free to carry your own equipment.

Booking can be made from anywhere on Lombok or the Gili Islands. Several agencies cover transportation to the villages where treks begin, as well as accommodation in these localities. However, verify that the rate includes a night's lodging before your departure.

You can also reach one of these villages on your own. This is a more economical option than a combined package. On site, don't hesitate to negotiate with the agency of your choice.

Finally, it's possible to book treks online, but this is less advantageous, as rates are often higher, and you'll be grouped with those who booked locally.

Equipment to Bring on the Excursion

Here's what you should bring for this trek:

• Hiking shoes and clothing: technical t-shirts, shorts.
• For evenings and night ascent to the summit, warm clothing (sweatshirt, windbreaker, pants, beanie, neck warmer, and glove liners)
• Trekking poles
• Headlamp
• For a relaxing break in the hot springs: sunscreen, cap or headband, sunglasses, swimsuit.
• Camera/GoPro
• Water bottle/energy bars
• First aid kit

Mount Rinjani rises on the northern third of Lombok. The latter has an international airport served by other Indonesian cities such as Denpasar and Jakarta. Driving times from the airport to Sembalun and Senaru are approximately 2 hours and 3 hours respectively. You can book a taxi.

If you're in Bali and wish to reach the island by sea, ferries and fast boats are available. The fast boat is recommended, however, as it allows you to reach the port nearest Rinjani (Bangsal) from Amed (on Bali) in just 90 minutes, compared to 6 hours by ferry.

When to Trek Mount Rinjani?

The ideal period for a Mount Rinjani trek extends from July to September, when weather conditions are most favorable. During this period, you'll also find the most company on the hiking trails, if you enjoy the lively atmosphere of group treks.

It's important to note that the park closes during the rainy season due to the high risk of landslides. Furthermore, access is also subject to seismic risk, given that the archipelago sits at the convergence of three tectonic plates. For example, a magnitude 6.4 earthquake on July 29, 2018, led to the immediate closure of Rinjani National Park and the urgent evacuation of hikers already present.